Medical Science Research

Institutional review boards (IRBs) are the linchpins of the protection systems that govern human participation in research. In recent years, high-profile cases have focused attention on the weaknesses of the procedures in place to protect participants in medical research. The issues surrounding participants in place to protect in the social, behavioral, and economic sciences may be less visible to the public eye, but they are no less important in ensuring ethical and responsible research. This report examines three key issues related to human participation in social, behavioral, and economic sciences research: (1) obtaining informed, voluntary consent from prospective participants: (2) guaranteeing the confidentiality of information collected from participants, which is a particularly challenging problem in social sciences research; and (3) using appropriate review procedures for "minimal-risk" research. "Protecting Participants and Facilitating Social and Behavioral Sciences Research will be important to policy makers, research administrators, research sponsors, IRB members, and investigators. More generally, it contains important information for all who want to ensure the best protection--for participants and researchers alike--in the social, behavioral, and economic sciences.

While there is currently no official consensus as to the extent of fraud or misrepresentation in the sciences, recent estimates suggest that they may occur in as much as 12% of all scientific research conducted in North America. In an age dominated philosophically by the overarching ideal of scientific truth, and in which science plays a central role in virtually every aspect of life, research fraud, in even the minutest degree, can have only dire and far-reaching implications. Nowhere is the seriousness of scientific fraud more evident than in the behavioral and biomedical sciences--those disciplines that have the most obvious and immediate impact upon the physical and psychological health and well-being of both the individual and society. Yet, traditionally, students and practitioners in those fields have received, at best, minimal exposure to the ethical issues involved in the research endeavor. This book seeks to rectify that situation. Research Fraud in the Behavioral and Biomedical Sciences brings together contributions by specialists in psychology, medicine, law, and philosophy. Over the course of twelve chapters, those specialists treat topics as diverse as the history of research fraud, the moral and ethical philosophical aspects of empirical science, the legal ramifications of fraud, the psychology of people who commit fraud and the institutional and career pressures (publish or perish, etc.) that often compel them to do so, and the influence of the review process used by professional journals and review boards. Also included are several chapters covering recent case histories of alleged fraud in biomedical and social science research. In the final chapters of Research FraudIn the Behavioral and Biomedical Sciences, the editors explore, in great detail, options for future prevention of research fraud.

Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science - The Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science (IMVS) is a public research body located in Adelaide, South Australia, that combines laboratory services, teaching and research.

Cognitive and Brain Science Unit - The Medical Research Council's Cognitive and brain imaging unit is a branch of the larger Medical Research Council. Based in Cambridge, England since its creation during WWII it remains at the forefront of its field.

Danish Committees on Scientific Dishonesty - The Danish Committees on Scientific Dishonesty (Danish: Udvalgene vedrÃ¸rende Videnskabelig Uredelighed, or UVVU) are a set of three committees under the Danish Ministry of Research and Information Technology: a committee for natural science, agricultural and veterinary science and technical science; a committee for health and medical science; and a committee for social science and the humanities. They have a common chairman.

Human experimentation - Human experimentation (medical experiments performed on human beings) is an important part of medical research, and many people volunteer for clinical trials of medical treatments. Some people also volunteer to be subjects for experiments in basic medical science and biology.

medicalscienceresearch

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